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论《世界版权公约》

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2022-01-04 13:06
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《世界版权公约》1955年9月16日生效。我国于1992年7月1日加入该公约。该公约于1992年10月30日对我国生效。公约的管理机构是联合国教科文组织。该公约的制定目的在于协调欧洲《伯尔尼公约》与美洲国家间公约的矛盾。因为第二次世界大战后,美国的出版业迅速发展,美国出版商的利益希望得到欧洲国家的保护,但又不愿意参加《伯尔尼公约》。欧洲各国为了进入美洲国家的市场,也希望建立一个新的国际版权公约。在这种情况下,由联合国教科文组织出面,制定了世界版权公约。
世界版权公约规定的主要原则有:
1)双国籍国民待遇原则。这一点与《伯尔尼公约》相同。
2)有条件的自动保护原则。公约第3条规定了自动保护原则。但是,与《伯尔尼公约》不同,它是附条件的自动保护原则,即受保护的作品必须在作品的版权页上印刷版权标记,如文学作品以○C作标记,并应注明初版年份、版权所有者姓名。
3)独立保护原则。与《伯尔尼公约》规定相同,即每一个成员国的作品在其他成员国皆依各该国法律受到保护,而不受作品起源国或其他成员国的影响。
4)最低限度保护原则。公约对各成员国版权的保护水平规定了最低要求,主要是:
(1)关于作品的保护期一般不少于作者有生之年加死后25年,或作品发表之后25年;
(2)关于受保护作品的范围,包括文学、音乐、戏剧、电影、绘画、雕刻、雕塑;
(3)关于作者享有的经济权利应包括复制权、公演权、广播权和翻译权。


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