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论述“意思自治”原则。

问答题
2022-01-04 17:41
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正确答案

尽管有理论主张当事人的意思自治是不受限制的,但大多数国家的理沦与实践均主张加以适当的限制,如:
(1)意思自治要受本应支配合同的法律中的强行法的限制。
(2)当事人的协议选择必须“善意”、“合法”。
(3)当事人协议选择的法律必须有合理的根据许当事人选择与合同毫无联系的国家的法律。
其处理办法大致有以下几种:
(1)在法律中明确规定改为适用依一种客观连结因素指定的法律,如日本法例的规定。
(2)按合同的不同性质和种类,分别规定适用依不同客观连结因素指定的法律。
(3)规定应按最密切联系原则,由法律或法院确定应适用的法律。
(4)要求法院根据合同的各种情况推定当事人当时考虑到这个问题时可能选择的法律。
在当前,越来越多的实践均主张采用第二种和第三种方法。这两种方法尽管从表面上看似有不同,但实际上都是把当事人意思自治作为确定合同准据法的首要原则,而以最密切联系作为它的补充原则。


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