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试述高层建筑结构的主要结构形式及特点。

问答题
2022-01-04 23:33
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(1)框架结构。其特点,框架结构因受力体系由梁,柱组成,能很好地承受竖向荷载,但承受水平荷载能力差,因此仅适用于房屋高度不大的建筑。
(2)框架—剪力墙结构。其特点,在框架—剪力墙结构中,框架与剪力墙协同受力,剪力墙承担绝大部分水平荷载,框架则以承担竖向荷载为主,这样可以大大减少柱子的截面。
(3)剪力墙结构。当房屋的层数更高时,横向水平荷载已对结构设计起控制作用,这时宜采用剪力墙结构,即全部采用纵横布置的剪力墙。剪力墙不仅承受水平荷载,亦用来承受垂直荷载。
(4)框支剪力墙结构。其特点,框支剪力墙结构中的转换梁的高度一般较大,常接近于一个层高,因此该层常常用做设备层。上部的剪力墙刚度较大,而下部的框架结构刚度较弱,其差别一般较大。
(5)筒体结构。其特点,筒体结构是由一个或多个筒体作承重结构的高层建筑体系,适用于层数较多的高层建筑。筒体结构可分为框筒体系,筒中筒体系,桁架筒体系,成束筒体系等。


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