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刺史与州

名词解释题
2022-01-06 05:45
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汉武帝时设立的刺史为中央派到地方的监察官。刺史所在的监察区域称为州(部)。秦代曾设监郡御史,或称郡监。汉高祖时不再设置。惠帝时派御史监三辅郡。武帝初年,也曾派遣监御史监郡,但没有成为一种固定和完善的制度。为了适应加强专制皇权的需要,武帝于元封元年(前110)正式废止派监御史监郡,又于元封五年创立了刺史制度。东汉政权已失去对州牧、刺史的控制,而州牧、刺史也完全失去了监察地方的职能,演变成为拥兵自重的地方割据势力。东汉以后,州也逐渐成为居于郡县之上的一级地方行政机构,刺史亦由监察官转变为地方行政长官。


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