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什么是PM2.5?

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2022-01-07 19:14
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正确答案

PM是大气中的固体或液体颗粒状物质,英文ParticulateMat-ter(颗粒物)的缩写。PM2.5则是直径小于或等于2.5微米的污染物颗粒,它既是一种污染物,又是重金属、多环芳烃等有毒物质的裁体。
造成大气污染中的颗粒物分为一次颗粒物和二次颗粒物。一次颗粒物是由天然污染源和人为污染源直接释放到大气中的颗粒物,如土壤粒子、海盐粒子、燃烧烟尘等。二次颗粒物是由大气中某些污染气体组分(如二氧化硫、氮氧化物、碳氢化合物等)之间,或这些组分与大气中的正常组分(如氧气)之间通过光化学氧化反应、催化氧化反应或其他化学反应转化生成的颗粒物,如二氧化硫转化生成硫酸盐。颗粒物大部分是天然源产生的,但人口集中的大城市和工矿区,人为源产生的数量较多。随着丁业发展、人口集中、城市扩张和燃料消耗量急剧增加,人为原因造成的颗粒物污染日趋严重。


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