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断层的野外识别标志?

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2022-01-08 17:39
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构造线和地质体的不连续任何线状或面状的地质体,如地层、岩脉、岩体、变岩质的相带、不整合面、侵入体与围岩的接触界面、褶皱的枢纽及早期形成的断层等,在平面或剖面上的突然中断、错开等不连续现象是判断断层存在的一个重要标志。
地层的重复与缺失在层状岩石分布地区,沿岩层的倾向,原来层序连续的地层发生不对称的重复或是某些层位缺失,根据这些重复、缺失以及倾向和倾角的关系,可以推断断层的类型。
断层面(带)的构造特征指由于断层面两侧岩块的相互滑动和摩擦,在断层面上及其附近留下的各种证据。①擦痕和阶步。②牵引构造象。③构造透镜体。④断层岩。
地貌及其他标志较大的断层由于断层面直接出露,在地貌上形成陡立的峭壁,称为断层崖。温泉和冷泉呈带状分布往往也是断层存在的标志。线状分布小型侵入体也常反映断层的存在。


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