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laminin, LN (层粘连蛋白)

名词解释题
2022-01-09 15:46
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层粘连蛋白主要存在于基膜(basal  lamina)结构中,是基膜所特有的非胶原糖蛋白,相对分子质量为820kDa,含13-15%的糖,有三个亚单位,即重链(α链,400kDa)和β1(215kDa)、β2(205kDa)两条轻链。结构上呈现不对称的十字形,由一条长臂和三条相似的短臂构成。这四个臂均有棒状节段和球状的末端域。β1和β2短臂上有两个球形结构域,α链上的短臂有三个球形结构域,其中有一个结构域同Ⅳ型胶原结合,第二个结构域同肝素结合,还有同细胞表面受体结合的结构域。正是这些独立的结合位点使LN作为一个桥梁分子,介导细胞同基膜结合。所以LN的主要功能就是作为基膜的主要结构成分对基膜的组装起关键作用,在细胞表面形成网络结构并将细胞固定在基膜上。
LN还有许多其他的作用,如在细胞发育过程中刺激细胞粘着、细胞运动。LN还能够刺激胚胎中神经轴的生长,并促进成年动物的神经损伤后重生长和再生。如同纤粘连蛋白,细胞外的LN能够影响细胞的生长、迁移和分化。LN在原生殖细胞的迁移中起关键作用。


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