一轴向拉伸或压缩的杆件，设与轴线成45。的斜截面上的剪应力为τ，则该截面上的正应力等于（）

下列说法，正确的是（）。 ①与杆件轴线相正交的截面称为横截面； ②对于同一杆件，各横截面的形状和尺寸必定相同； ③对同一杆件，各横截面必相互平行。

一个方向尺寸远大于其他两个方向的构件称为杆件。

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

（）, or drum is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes which will fasten the ship to the shore.

A salvor may be（）the whole or part of the payment due under Salvage Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

The （） is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes.

Vessels must be（）valid certificate of nationality or certificated of registry or license.

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

在其他条件不变时，若轴向拉伸杆件的横截面积增加1倍，则杆件截面上的正应力是原来的（）。