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西安事变

名词解释题

2022-01-11 04:54

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1936年，日本帝国主义不断扩大对中国的侵略，蒋介石坚持“攘外必先安内”政策，继续进行内战。以张学良为首的东北军和以杨虎城为首的十七路军因受中国共产党抗日民族统一战线政策及民众抗日运动的影响，与红军实现了停战。12月上旬，蒋介石到西安督战，迫张、杨进攻红军。张、杨劝谏蒋介石停止内战，一致抗日，被蒋训斥。12日凌晨，张学良和杨虎城发动了西安事变，在临潼华清池扣留了蒋介石，实行“兵谏”。随即，张、杨发表了对时局的通电，提出了八项抗日救国主张。中共中央派周恩来为全权代表来西安调停，争取蒋抗日。经过谈判，蒋介石被迫答应抗日。25日，蒋介石被释放，由张学良陪同飞回南京，西安事变和平解决。
西安事变是中国现代史上的一个重要转折点

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标签：民国史历史学世界近代史大学试题

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