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宗教改革的背景

问答题
2022-01-12 06:39
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正确答案
1、天主教会的精神统治是宗教改革的根本原因,原罪说与灵魂救赎:内心信仰。使徒报罗强调个人内心信仰圣礼得救:七件圣事,洗礼、忏悔礼、圣餐礼善功赎罪:遵守十诫,基督劝勉之禁欲、苦行、独身,履行圣礼圣礼的重要性:圣礼重要,教会权威,无形精神控制
异端的反对:12、13世纪法国阿尔比派、14世纪英国的威克里夫运动、15世纪捷克的胡斯运动
2、教会的腐败和搜刮是直接原因
天主教会的经济实体,地租、十一税、捐税;出卖赎罪券、买卖教职、贿赂选举教皇、生活丑闻
3、世俗政权与教权的矛盾
14、15世纪城市经济发展、市民阶级成长——民族国家
形成—中央集权君主专制——教权衰落——教会民族化
4、文艺复兴的影响
揭露教会腐败以充炮弹;研究圣经、挖掘原义以为根据
宗教改革运动的核心原则:“因信称义”

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