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简述中庭天窗的形式及构造要求。

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2022-02-24 02:16
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常见的中庭天窗形式有:棱锥形天窗、斜坡式天窗、拱形天窗、圆穹形天窗、锯齿性天窗等。
(1)棱锥形天窗尺寸不大(2m以内)的棱锥形天窗,可用有机玻璃热压采光罩。它具有很好的刚度和强度,不需金属骨架,外形光洁美观,透光率高,可以单个使用,也可以将若干个采光罩安装在井式梁上组成大片玻璃顶,构造简单,施工安装方便。当棱锥形天窗的尺寸较大时,需要用金属型材做成棱锥形的天窗骨架,然后将玻璃镶嵌在骨架上。
当中庭采用角锥体系平板网架作屋顶承重结构时,可利用网架的倾斜腹杆作支架,构成棱锥式玻璃顶。
(2)斜坡式天窗斜坡式天窗玻璃面的坡度一般为15°~30°,每一坡面的长度不宜过大,一般控制在15m以内,用钢或铝合金作天窗骨架。
(3)拱形天窗拱形天窗用金属型材作拱骨架,根据中庭空间的尺度大小和屋顶型式,可布置成单拱或几个拱并列和布置成连续拱。透光部分一般采用有机玻璃也可以用拱形有机玻璃采光罩组成大片玻璃顶。
(4)圆穹形天窗圆穹形天窗直径根据中庭的使用功能和空间大小确定,天窗曲面为球形面或抛物形曲面,天窗高度视空间造型效果和结构要求而定。直径较大的穹形天窗金属做成穹形骨架,在骨架上镶嵌玻璃。必要时可在天窗顶部留一圆孔作为通气口。
如果中庭平面为方形或矩形等较规整的形状,也可以采用穹形采光罩构成成片的玻璃顶。采光罩用有机玻璃热压成型。穹形采光罩也可以单个使用,有方底穹形采光罩和圆底穹形采光罩。
(5)锯齿形天窗锯齿形天窗的每一锯齿形由一倾斜的不透光的屋面和一竖直的或倾斜的玻璃组成。采用锯齿形天窗既可避免阳光直射,又能提高中庭的照度。倾斜玻璃比竖直玻璃面的采光效率高,所以在高纬度地区宜斜玻璃;而在低纬度地区有可能从斜玻璃面射进阳光时,宜改成竖直的玻璃面。
(6)其它形式的天窗

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