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简述西汉中期的刑罚改革。

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2022-02-24 10:47
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正确答案
西汉中期的刑罚改革是指汉文帝、汉景帝适应形势的要求,进行刑制改革,废除肉刑中的黥刑、劓刑、剕刑(斩左趾、右趾)。
该改革发端于缇莹上书,主要内容为:汉文帝改革:黥刑(墨刑)改为髡钳城旦舂(去发后颈部系铁圈服苦役五年);劓刑改为笞三百;斩左趾(砍左脚)改为笞五百;斩右趾改为弃市死刑;汉景帝改革:景帝继位后,将文帝时劓刑的笞三百,改为笞二百;斩左趾的笞五百,改为笞三百。景帝中元六年,又减笞三百为二百,笞二百为一百,并且规定了笞杖尺寸。
此次改革的局限性在于并没有完全彻底废除残酷的肉刑。但它是中国古代刑罚史上的重要转折,标志着奴隶制肉刑刑罚体系向封建制劳役刑刑罚体系的转变,为隋唐之际封建制五刑的最终确立奠定了重要基础。经过此次改革,封建制刑罚体系中的徒刑、笞杖刑已成为刑罚的主体。

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