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简述混凝土的组成结构。并叙述混凝土的结构组成对混凝土破坏强度的影响。

问答题
2022-02-26 20:50
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正确答案

混凝土材料结构分为三种基本类型:①微观结构,即水泥石结构,水泥石结构由水泥凝胶、晶体骨架、未水化完的水泥颗粒和凝胶孔组成,其物理力学性能取决于水泥的矿物成份、粉磨细度、水灰比和硬化条件;②亚微观结构,即混凝土的水泥砂浆结构,水泥砂浆结构可看作以水泥石为基相、砂子为分散相的二组混凝土体系,砂子和水泥石的结合面是薄弱面。对于水泥砂浆结构,除上述决定水泥石结构的因素外,砂浆配合比、砂的颗粒级配与矿物组成、砂粒形状、颗粒表面特性及砂中的杂质含量是重要控制因素;③宏观结构,即砂浆和粗骨料两组分体系。
混凝土的宏观结构中,水泥作为基相,粗骨料随机分布在连续的水泥砂浆中。粗骨料的强度远比混凝土高,硬化水泥砂浆的强度也比混凝土高,由砂浆和粗骨料组成的混凝土复合材料的抗压强度低于砂浆和粗骨料单一材料的抗压强度。混凝土内砂浆与骨料界面的粘结强度只有砂浆抗拉强度的35%-65%,这说明砂浆与骨料界面是混凝土内的最薄弱环节。混凝土破坏后,其中的粗骨料一般无破损的迹象,裂缝和破碎都发生在粗骨料表面和水泥砂浆内部,所以混凝土的强度和变形性能在很大程度上取决于水泥砂浆的质量和密实性。


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