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管内强迫对流换热

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2022-02-28 20:59
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正确答案

(1)流动状况不同于外部流动的情形,无论层流或者湍流都存在流动入口段和充分发展段,两者的长度差别很大。计算管内流动和换热时,速度必须取为截面平均速度。(2)换热状况管内热边界层也同样存在入口段和充分发展段,只有在流体的Pr数大致等于1的时候,两个边界层的入口段才重合。理解并准确把握两种典型边界条件(恒壁温与恒热流)下流体截面平均温度的沿程变化规律,对管内对流换热计算有着特殊重要的意义。(3)特征数方程式要注意区分不同关联式所针对的边界条件,因为层流对边界条件的敏感程度明显高于湍流时。还需要特别指出,绝大多数管内对流换热计算式5f对工程上的光滑管,如果遇到粗糙管,使用类比率关系式效果可能更好。(4)非圆截面管道仅湍流可以用当量直径的概念处理非圆截面管道的对流换热问题。层流时即使用当量直径的概念也无法将不同截面形状管道换热的计算式全部统一。


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