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简述马克思主义税收观。

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2022-03-05 17:04
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马克思关于税收的界定:“赋税是政府机器的经济基础而不是其他任何东西。”(《马克思思格斯全集》,第19卷,32页);“国家存在的经济体现就是捐税。”(《马克思思格斯全集》中文1版,第4卷,342页,北京,人民出版社,1958)。列宁也说过:所谓赋税,就是国家不付任何报酬而向居民取得东西。
根据马克思主义学说,可以对税收作如下界定:第一,税收是与国家的存在直接联系的,是政府机器赖以存在并实现其职能的物质基础,也就是政府保证社会公共需要的物质基础;第二,税收是一个分配范畴,是国家参与并调节国民收入分配的一种手段,是国家财政收入的主要形式;第三,国家在征税过程中形成一种特殊的分配关系,即以国家为主体的分配关系,因而税收的性质取决于社会经济制度的性质和国家的性质。


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