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社会控制系统是如何发挥作用的?

问答题
2022-03-06 19:54
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正确答案
(1)社会控制的方式
社会控制的方式包括:
第一是政权、法律和纪律;
第二是习俗、道德和宗教;
第三是社会舆论与群体意识。
(2)社会控制的功能
社会控制的正功能:
社会控制可以对各种社会关系进行调解和制约。
一是能够保持正常社会生活的进行;
二是维持社会秩序;
三是促进社会发展。
社会控制的消极作用:
首先,不合理的社会控制不能维护多数人的利益,会产生和扩大社会矛盾,影响社会正常秩序;
其次,僵化的社会控制模式不利于人们对合理目标的追求,会妨碍个人和社会的发展。
第三,片面强调社会控制会妨碍社会发展,甚至造成社会的不稳定因素。
第四,社会控制对社会秩序的强调与现代社会对个人充分发展的自由之间一直存在着矛盾。
(3)对越轨行为的社会控制
对越轨行为的内在控制和外在控制从两个不同的方向达到了对越轨行为的抑制和对社会规范的明确。
对越轨行为的内在控制主要强调的是社会规范的内化。社会规范的成功内化是指社会成员完全认同社会规范,意味着社会成员对越轨行为和社会规范之间的界限相当明确,进而能够在社会行动中“从心所欲不逾矩”。内化了的社会规范还可把越轨行为的危害控制在相当小的范围内。
对越轨行为的外在控制,主要指的就是运用外在的、正式的和非正式的社会控制方式对越轨行为进行控制,主要体现为惩戒和处罚。
适度的内在控制和外在控制两种作用机制各有侧重、相辅相成,共同保证了社会秩序和社会发展。社会控制不一定能促进社会问题的解决,但可抑制社会问题的爆发。

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