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In the early 1950s the researchers who produced the first clad glass optical fibers were not thinking of using them for communications. (1) H____, fiber optics was already a well-established commercial technology when the famous paper by Kao and Hockham, (2)____(claim) the use of low-loss optical fibers for communication, appeared in 1966.  The first low-loss silica fiber was described in (3)____ which appeared in October of 1970. The date of this publication is sometimes (4)____(cite) as the beginning of the era of fiber communication. Although this development did receive (5)____(consider) attention in the research community at the time, it was far from inevitable that a major industry would evolve.  The technological barriers appeared formidable because there were serious doubts as to (6) wh_____ these fiber components could ever be produced economically enough, but the market potential was very significant. (7)____(consequence), research and development activity expanded rapidly, and a number of important issues were (8) re_____ during the early 1970s. During the middle and late 1970s,the rate of progress towards marketable products accelerated as the emphasis (9)____(shift) from research to engineering. Fibers with losses (10) app____ the Rayleigh limit of 2 dB/km at a wavelength of 0.8μm were produced.  By 1980 improvement in component performance, cost, and reliability led to major commitments on the part of telephone companies.

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2022-03-12 16:55
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1.However 此处句意发生转折。此句译为:50年代初期,那些生产出第一批被覆层玻璃光纤的研究者们尚未考虑将光纤应用到通信中。然而,当1966年Kao和Hockham发表著名论文,提出把低耗光纤应用于通讯中时,纤维光学已经成为一个相当成熟的商业技术了。
2.claiming 现在分词作后置定语。
3.publication 从下句的this publication可知答案为publication。
4.cited 此处为被动语态。句意为:这篇文章发表的日期经常被人们称为光纤通讯时代的起始日。
5.considerable 此处需要形容词形式修饰名词attention。considerable attention相当多的关注。此句可译为:尽管当时这项技术在研究领域确实引起了极大的关注,但要发展成一个重要产业还相差甚远。
6.whether 此句可译为:该技术障碍似乎难以逾越,因为人们十分怀疑这些纤维构件是否可以以足够低的成本生产出来,但是市场潜力是十分巨大的。
7.Consequently 此句成分完整,用表示因果关系的副词consequently以与上句的联系紧凑。
8.resolved resolve找到解决…的方法,与issues搭配,指一系列问题得到了解决。
9.shifted shift指位置或方向的移动、改变;指由一种形式或用途改变为另一种形式或用途。
10.approaching approaching the Rayleigh limit接近瑞利极限。

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