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论述“逆城市化”的成因?

问答题
2022-03-12 17:56
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正确答案
成因:
1)大城市过度密集造成的负效应。受到规模效益的影响,当中心城市和城市中心区的人口不断增加之后,一系列的“城市病”便在所难免:交通拥堵、环境污染、地价和房价节节攀升、居住的舒适性渐渐降低。因聚集带来的正效应被过度聚集造成的负效益所抵消,甚至超越,于是人们便自发地选择往生活与工作成本相对较低廉的郊区和中小城市迁移。
2)交通技术条件的极大改善显著改变了城市的空间尺度。包括家庭小汽车的普及、高速公路网的建成和地铁轻轨的发展等,使得人们的出行更方便、更快捷,由此使得城市原有的空间尺度转化为时间尺度—衡量距离远近的不再是路途里程,而是通达时间。这样居住在城郊甚至远郊地区的人们与居住在城市内部的人们并无任何生活和工作上的缺憾;相反,随着产业活动和企业不断前移到城市外围,在郊区能获得更多的就业机会。

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