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以中英两国为例比较分析社会主义国家与资本主义国家政党制度的异同。

问答题
2022-04-02 12:05
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正确答案
结合二战以后国际政治格局的发展变化,分析说明西方学者把政治发展的研究范围只是限定在发展中国家的原因。
二战以后世界的政治格局形成了美苏两极长期争霸的局面,发展中国家成为双方争夺的对象。1991年苏联解体,世界政治格局又成了美国一霸称雄的局面。不管是两极争霸还是一霸称雄,以美国为首的西方国家总是希望把自己的政治价值观和西方的政治制度强加于其他国家特别是广大发展中国家。这是西方学者研究政治发展问题的时代背景,也是他们把政治发展的研究范围只是限定在发展中国家的重要原因。具体表现在:
(1)西方学者政治价值观的偏见。西方学者错误地认为西方的政治制度是最完善的政治制度,已经达到了人类社会政治制度发展的最高顶点,是不需要再发展了,因而也就不需要再研究了。而只有发展中国家因为贫穷落后,政治上缺乏民主和自由,才存在政治发展的问题,才是需要研究的。战后特别是20世纪60年代以后,资本主义国家经过政策上的调整缓和了社会矛盾,使经济得以复苏并迅速发展,再加上后来苏联解体,社会主义国家的发展遇到了前所未有的困难,更是增强了西方学者的这种偏见。
(2)霸权主义全球战略的需要。美苏争霸,西方国家试图影响和左右发展中国家政治发展的方向,对抗苏联,谋求世界霸权。苏联解体,美国一霸称雄,又试图向全世界推销其价值观和西方的政治制度,干涉发展中国家内政,侵犯发展中国家主权,为霸权主义谋取利益。西方学者按照资本主义的价值观念思考问题,试图用西方的政治模式引导和左右发展中国家政治发展的方向,为西方发达国家的霸权主义全球战略服务。这是西方学者研究政治发展问题的自觉或不自觉的出发点。

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