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肩关节半脱位的主要康复护理手段是什么?

问答题
2022-04-02 14:05
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正确答案
(1)正确体位摆放。 患者肩关节损伤,患者坐位时上肢要置于膝上或桌上,并可在轮椅上置一桌板或枕头,防止患者的手悬垂。卧位时患者肩关节后垫一枕头;另起坐时,采用Bobath握手姿势将上肢前伸放桌上,减少重力牵引肩部。(2)主、被动运动。 为使肩胛骨向下、向后回旋的全部肌肉的张力过高得到抑制,可让患者抬举上肢从鼻侧方向向上、向前;为使移位的肩胛骨向中线靠近,可让患者向患侧翻身;为纠正肩胛骨向前突出,可让患者使健侧的肩向后方回旋;为使昼夜维持肩关节正确位置,当患者坐位时,应让患肢肘部放置在桌上或轮椅的扶手上。不活动时上肢采用双侧活动时手的抗痉挛模式放在桌上,并常用健手帮助病手做上抬的活动。经常进行用健侧手协助患肢上举的活动,让患者患侧上肢肘关节伸直,腕关节背屈;卧位时患手放在坐位臀部水平略外侧,然后让躯体向患侧倾斜,利用患者体重使患肢各关节受压及负重,以反射性地刺激稳定肌群,(3)肩吊带。 如已出现不全脱位,在转移和活动其他部分时,只好用吊带支托保护。依据每个患者具体情况,由护士为患者定做肩托,起到保护肩关节的作用。

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