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论公民权利与国家权力的关系。

问答题
2022-04-02 14:34
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正确答案

公民权利与国家权力是两个不同的概念,但又具有内在的密切联系。
(1)公民权利与国家权力的主要区别在于:
①国家权力的实际行使主体是国家机关,在我国主要是全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会,而公民权利的主体顾名思义是公民个人的;(4分)
②国家权力具有强制性和主权性,对方必须绝对服从,而公民权利则是一种资格或可能性,当义务人不履行义务时,公民只能诉诸国家权力,请求国家迫使义务人履行义务;(4分)
(2)公民权利与国家权力存在密切的联系,这种联系主要表现在:
①国家权力属于人民,而人民占公民中的绝大多数;(2分)
②公民权利中的民主权利,尤其是参与政治的权利实际上包含着国家权力的因素;(2分)
③公民享有宪法和法律上规定的各种自由和权利,能否得到兑现,也要靠国家权力来保障;(2分)
④国家权力为公民权利服务,国家权力存在和运行的根本目的是为了保障公民权利的实现;(2分)
⑤公民权利和自由是第一位的,国家权力的行驶必然要对公民权利和自由构成一定的影响,甚至包括限制和剥夺,但限制和剥夺公民权利和自由必须要有充分的理由和根据。(2分)
⑥公民权利制约国家权力,公民权利是对国家权力进行制约和控制的重要手段。(2分)

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