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简述“经验之塔”理论的内容和基本观点。

问答题
2022-04-02 14:44
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(1)内容

把学习得到的经验按抽象程度的不同分为三大类十个层次:
①做的经验:有目的的直接的经验、设计的经验、演戏的经验;
②观察的经验:观摩、示范、野外旅行、参观展览、电视和电影静态图像;
③抽象的经验:视觉符号、言语符号。
(2)基本观点如下:
①“塔”中最底层的经验,是最直接的具体的经验,越往上升,则越趋向于抽象;
②教育应从具体经验入手,逐步过渡到抽象;
③教育不能只满足于获得一些具体经验,而必须向抽象化发展,使具体经验普遍化,最后形成概念;
④在学校中,应用各种教育、教学工具,可以使教育更为具体、直观,从而去获得更好的抽象;
⑤位于经验之塔中层的视听教具,比如言语、视觉符号更能为学生提供较具体的和易于理解的紧噶一年,它能冲破时间的限制,弥补学生直接经验的不足。

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