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试述影响生药质量的因素。

问答题
2022-04-02 15:36
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正确答案
答:影响生药质量的自然因素包括生药的品种、植物的生长发育、植物的遗传与变异、植物的环境因素等,经常是多种因素在综合地起作用。 1 )生药品种对品质的影响:中药质量控制涉及许多环节,是一个多学科协作的复杂系统工程,面品种的确认鉴定应为质量控制系统的首要环节。我国现有已知中药资源中有 80% 多为植物药,不少中药存在多基源现象,而且生药中的同名异物、同物异名的现象普遍存在,这些都会影响生药的品质。此外生药品种的历史演变和地区用药习惯的差异以及新兴品种和代用品的层出不穷,对于生药的品质也有着重要的影响。 2 )植物生长发育对生药品质的影响:药用植物在不同的生长阶段,由于其活性成分多会发生一些变化,因而对生药的质量也会产生一些影响。所以适时采收到生药的品质和临床疗效影响都很大。 3 )植物的遗传与变异因素对生药品质的影响:植物会产生种内次生代谢产物的多型性,对称化学变种或化学型。所以遗传和变异因素同样也会影响生药的品质。 4 )环境因素对生药品质的影响:环境因素也是影响生药品质不可忽视的因素。如光照、环境温度、降水量、土壤条件、海拔高度、地理纬度等均会影响药用植物活性成分的积累,从而影响生药的品质。

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