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什么是项目?其主要特征有哪些?

问答题
2022-04-02 18:14
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试题解析
  1.项目 项目是指按限定时间、限定费用和限定质量标准完成的一次性任务和管理对象。根据这一定义,可以归纳出项目所具有的三项主要特征: 一是项目的一次性。这是项目的最主要特征,也可称为单件性。一次性是指没有与此完全相同的另一项任务,其不同点表现在任务本身与最终成果上。因此,也只能对它进行单件处置(或生产),不可能成批进行。只有认识项目的一次性,才能有针对性地根据项目的特殊情况和要求进行管理。 二是目标的明确性。项目的目标有成果性目标和约束性目标。成果性目标是指项目的功能性要求,如修建一条铁路或公路的运输能力及其技术经济指标。约束性目标是指限制条件,期限、费用、质量等都是限制条件。只有项目的目标明确了,才称得上是项目。 三是项目的整体性。一个项目是—个整体的管理对象,在按其需要配置生产要素时,必须以总体效益的提高为标准,做到数量、质量、结构的总体优化。由于内外环境是变化的,所以管理和生产要素的配置是动态的。

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