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如何解释砌体抗压强度远小于块体的强度等级而又大于砂浆强度等级较小时的砂浆强度等级?

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2022-04-02 18:48
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答:
(1)砌体中的砖处于复合受力状态。由于砖的表面本身不平整,再加之铺设砂浆的厚度很不均匀,水平灰缝也不很饱满,造成单块砖在砌体内并不是均匀受压,而是处于同时受压、受弯、受剪甚至受扭的复合受力状态。由于砖的抗拉强度很低,一旦拉应力超过砖的抗拉强度,就会引起砖的开裂。
(2)砌体中的砖受有附加水平拉应力。由于砖和砂浆的弹性模量及横向变形系数的不同,砌体受压时要产生横向变形,当砂浆强度较低时,装的横向变形比砂浆小,在砂浆粘着力与摩擦力的影响下,砖将阻止砂浆的横向变形,从而使砂浆受到横向压力,砖就受到横向拉力。由于砖内出现了附加拉应力,便加快了砖裂缝的出现。
(3)竖向灰缝处存在应力集中。由于竖向灰缝往往不饱满以及砂浆收缩等原因,竖向灰缝内砂浆和砖的粘结力减弱,使砌体的整体性受到影响。因此,在位于竖向灰缝上、下端的砖内产生横向拉应力和剪应力的集中,加快砖的开裂。

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