1.简述落叶的原因。 -题库考试答案搜索网

1.简述落叶的原因。

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2022-04-02 21:41

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落叶是植物减少蒸腾、渡过寒冷或干旱季节的一种适应。植物在不良季节到来之前，叶子中会发生一系列的生理生化变化。首先是日照变短，脱落酸（ABA）的含量增加，促使细胞中有用物质逐渐分解运回茎内。叶绿体中叶绿素分解比叶黄素快，叶片逐渐变黄。有些植物在落叶前细胞中有花青素产生，绿叶变为红叶。与此同时，在叶柄基部或靠近基部的部分，有一个区域内的薄壁组织细胞开始分裂，产生一群小型细胞，以后这群细胞的外层细胞壁溶解，细胞成为游离状态，使叶易从茎上脱落，这个区域称为离层。不久这层细胞间的中层分解，继而整个细胞分解，叶片逐渐枯萎，以后由于风吹雨打等机械力量，使叶柄自离层处折断，叶子脱落。在离层折断处的细胞栓质化，起着保护“伤口”的作用。叶脱落后，在茎上留有的疤痕，叫做叶痕。

试题解析

标签：东北林业大学林学专升本植物学平时作业2

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