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什么是遗忘?遗忘有哪些规律?

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2022-04-02 23:12
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正确答案
遗忘就是指对识记过的材料不能回忆或再认,或者表现为错误的回忆或再认。主要的遗忘现象与规律有:①艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线表明,遗忘进程不均衡,有先快后慢的特点。② 识记材料性质对遗忘有明显的影响。—般来说,熟练的动作遗忘最慢,形象材料也不易遗忘,有意义的语言材料同无意义材料相比,遗忘要缓慢得多。③过度学习(即超过或达到记忆程度之后的学习)对遗忘有影响。④前摄抑制与倒摄抑制对遗忘有明显影响。⑤学习材料的系列位置对遗忘有明显影响,实验表明:两端要比中间记忆效果好。⑥遗忘还受情绪与动机的影响。一般来说,同样重要或强度的刺激,处在愉快情绪状态则记忆效果好,反之记忆效果差。

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