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简述科学管理学派。

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2022-04-19 03:06
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科学管理学派主要关心的是提高企业组织下级作业层的效率。其代表人物是泰勒。最初引起泰勒兴趣的,实际上是如何不用监督人员施加压力就给工人们以激励。他主张,要科学地规定业务标准,并科学地选拔和培训工人,把这些被选拔的工人适当地安排到经过科学设计的岗位上,而管理人员和工人要适当地划分责任并相互密切协作。他还主张,要进行动作研究和时间研究,并根据这种研究采取计件工资制度。他相信,通过这种研究和措施可以提高工作效率。他还强调在组织管理中计划的重要性,并提出了计划部门的任务和职能。另外,泰勒还提出了组织的例外理论,这实际上是在强调委任管理的必要性。其主要内容就是把烦琐的日常事务交给下级或助理去做,自己只保留例外事项的决定权,从而把管理者的主要精力投人到组织中的决策和人事等更重要的事务方面。

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