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古诗

名词解释题
2022-04-21 02:11
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①泛指古人所作的诗歌。②特指与唐代才形成的格律诗不同的(也就是不讲究格律的)古人所作的诗歌。它包括唐以前人的诗作及唐以后人们仿古的诗作。一般来说,唐代以前的诗统称为古体,又叫做古风,它用韵而比较自由,可押平声韵,也可押仄声韵,又可平、仄互押,可以转韵、通韵;有平仄的区别,但不很讲究,不讲声病;有骈偶而不讲求严格的对仗,可骈可散,对仗的位置也不固定,不求工整,不避用同字;字数可以五言、七言、四言、三言、五七杂言、三五七杂言等,但以五言最常用。总之,古体诗不像近体诗有规矩极严的格律,只是用韵时一般要求双句押韵。古体的名称出现在近体诗流行之后。文人们在使用古体形式写诗时,往往摹仿汉魏六朝时期的古诗,在字数、用韵、平仄、对仗等方面都尽量避免律化,故意多用拗句、多犯孤平、多用非平声字押韵,这样也就形成古体诗的一些自身特点,如句末多用三平式、三仄式或仄平仄、平仄平等形式。

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