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西方法律传统

名词解释题
2022-04-26 21:49
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正确答案
伯尔曼在其《法律与革命》一书中,曾经提到了西方法律传统的十个特征,但是在20世界经历了前所未有的危机。西方本身已经开始怀疑传统法律幻想的普遍有效性,尤其是它对非西方文化的有效性。西方各国的法律制度都发生了革命性的变化。西方法律传统的上述10个特征中,只有前4个仍然构成西方法律的基本特征;另外6个特征在20世纪后半叶,特别是在美国全都受到了严重的削弱。
(1)法律与宗教、政治、道德和习惯之间有较为明显的区分。
(2)法律的施行被委托给一群特别的人们,他们或多或少在专职的职业基础上从事法律活动。
(3)法律职业者都在一种具有高级学问的独立机构中接受专门的培训。
(4)法律不仅包括法律制度、法律命令和法律判决等,而且还包括法律学者对法律制度、法律命令和法律判决所做的阐述。法律本身包含一种科学,一种超然法(metalaw)----通过它能够对法律进行分析和评价。

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