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简述杜威的教育过程论。

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2022-04-27 23:42
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正确答案
在杜威的实用主义教育思想体系中,教学论是一个十分重要的组成部分。
1、"从做中学"。杜威认为,"从做中学"也就是"从活动中学"、"从经验中学入它使得学校里知识的获得与生活过程中的活动联系了起来。由于儿童能从那些真正有教育意义和有兴趣的活动中进行学习,那就有助于儿童的生长和发展。
2、思维与教学。杜威认为,好的教学必须能唤起儿童的思维。所谓思维,就是明智的学习方法,或者说,教学过程中明智的经验方法。杜威认为,教学过程相应地分成五个步骤,一是教师给儿童提供一个与现在的社会生活经验相联系的情境;二是使儿童有准备去应付在情境中产 生的问题;三是便儿童产生对解决问题的思考和假设;四是儿童自己对解决问题的假设加以整理和排列;五是儿童通过应用来检验这些假设防。这种教学过程在教育 史上一般被称之为"教学五步"。在杜威看来,在这种教学过程中,儿童可以学到创造知识以应付需求的方法。但是,他也承认,这实在不是一件容易的事。

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