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结合实践论述教育观察研究的实施程序。

问答题
2022-05-08 08:06
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正确答案
(1)界定研究问题,明确观察目的和意义
明确在观察中要了解什么情况,搜集哪方面事实材料,确定观察对象、时间、地点、内容和方法。也就是说,要回答为什么观察和如何观察等问题。
(2)编制观察提纲,进入研究情境
对观察客体要进行明确分类,确定所观察事物最主要的方向。观察提纲要有一定的灵活性和可变性,防止有效资料被遗漏。观察人员通过适当的渠道进入观察现场,熟悉观察环境,接触观察对象,并与被研究的观察对象建立友善的关系。
(3)实施观察,搜集、记录资料
进行为期数周、数月甚或数年的观察并作现场记录进行研究,在进行现场观察时,不仅要保证对现场发生的事件或行为表现出全面细致的感知,同时还要根据研究的要求对观察到的现象及时进行分析和归纳,准确地判定其类别或程度等级,并做好记录。记录的方法可以是笔记,也可以是录音、录像或摄影。
(4)分析资料,得出结论
在现场观察时观察者所记录下来的观察资料都是研究的原始资料,在现场观察结束后,研究者必须对搜集到的原始资料按研究的要求进行全面系统的整理和分析,为形成观察研究的结论、撰写观察报告打好基础。通过深入研究观察资料所反映的隐藏在现象背后的原因及不同现象之间的因果关系,发现和概括出观察资料中所反映出的教育现象或学生行为表现的特征及其变化规律,从而形成研究结论。

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