If he is a common carrier，he is absolutely responsible to the owner of the goods carried （）any loss or damage to them unless caused by an Act of God or the Queen’s enemies，or the inherent vice in the goods themselves，or the negligence of the owner of the goods，or a general average sacrifice.

During loading or discharging，where the delay is due to the Shipowner’s fault，or that of his servants or agents acting within their authority，the time actually delayed is to be（）in calculating lay days.

Where a container，pallet or similar article of transport is used to consolidate goods，the number of packages or units enumerated in the bill of lading as packed in such article of transport（）to be the number of packages or units in calculating the amount beyond which the carrier or the ship is not reliable.

The carrier is liable for loss of or damage to the goods or delay in delivery caused by fire，（）the claimant proves that the fire arose from fault or neglect on the part of the carrier，his servants or agents.

The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is （）

Which is heavier, a pound of cotton or half a kilogram of gold?

Duty is an act or a course of action that people ______you to take by social customs, law or religion.

Scavenging is （） of exhaust gases by blowing in fresh air.

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

Vessels must be（）valid certificate of nationality or certificated of registry or license.

Jitter is an unwanted variation of one or more characteristics of a periodic signal in electronics and telecommunications and（）refers to call issues that cause variations in timing or time of arrival.

Diesel engine mufflers or silencers reduce the engine exhaust noise by （）