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简述沃勒斯坦世界体系的概念(有机体特征)。

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2022-05-21 01:39
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沃勒斯坦首先提出了世界体系的概念。他认为,用以分析社会现实的适当单位是历史体系。从定义上说,历史体系这个名称指的是这样一些实体:它们具有与生产结构结为一体的分工,一套组织原则和制度机构,及可以界定的生命期限。人类历史上先后存在三种体系,它们是微型体系、世界帝国和世界经济体,后两者构成了世界体系。为了寻求一个合适的分析单位,他放弃了采用主权国家或国家社会作为分析单位的想法,而把世界体系作为典型的分析单位,主权国家的变迁可以作为世界体系演进和相互作用的结果加以解释。
沃勒斯坦认为,各民族的历史是相互联系的,不是孤立地发展,而是形成一定的世界性体系。世界体系是一个社会体系.它具有范围、结构、成员集团、合理规则和凝聚力。世界体系具有有机体的特征,体系内的生活大体上是独立自主的,体系发展的原动力大体上是内在的,世界体系的生命力由冲突的各种力量构成。


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