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简述5~6岁儿童心理发展的主要特征。  相关试题:联系实际谈谈5~6岁儿童心理发展的主要特点。

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2022-05-21 15:26
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正确答案
5~6岁是学前晚期,即幼儿园大班年龄,也是儿童即将进入小学的年龄。这时期儿童心理发展的突出特点如下:
(1)好学好问
幼儿的好奇心都很强,但5岁以后幼儿的好奇心和以前明显不同,他们不再满足于了解表面现象,而是想要知道事物的原因,要知道“为什么”。他们有强烈的求知欲和认识事物的兴趣。这一特点的突出表现是,他们非常爱问各种各样的问题,而且一定要弄个水落石出。5~6岁的孩子认知水平有了很大的提高,他们非常喜欢智力活动。总之,强烈的求知欲、好问好学是这个时期幼儿非常明显的特征。
(2)抽象能力开始萌芽
5~6岁幼儿的思维仍然是具体形象的,但是初步的抽象逻辑思维也开始萌芽。幼儿已能够对事物进行分类,能对事物的关系做出判断并正确排出顺序,有了初步的序的概念。这个年龄阶段的幼儿能初步掌握一些抽象的概念,也能够对事物做出简单的因果判断。
(3)开始掌握认知方法
5~6岁的幼儿已出现了有意地自觉控制和调节自己心理活动的方法,在认知活动方面,无论是观察、注意、记忆,或是思维、想像等,都有了一定的方法。在观察图片中,他们不再是偶然看到哪就看哪,而是有顺序地按一定的规律去看;在注意事物中,5~6岁的幼儿能够采取一定的方法帮助自己集中注意;在记忆一些事物时,幼儿也会采取一定的方法;在解决问题时,大班幼儿会事先计划自己的思维和活动过程。幼儿认知方法的掌握还表现在他们的绘画活动中。他们能够事先思考,“想一想再画”,也能够有意地去想像画面,进行构思。
(4)个性初具雏形
5~6岁的幼儿已对事物有了自己比较稳定的态度。他们爱憎的态度比较明确,看问题也开始有自己的见解,有了一定的独立性。其个性已经开始形成,但可塑性还相当大,环境和教育都对其发展产生极大的作用。

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