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试述肾血循环的特点。

问答题
2022-05-22 14:11
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正确答案
(1)肾动脉直接起于腹主动脉,短而粗,血流量大。
(2)肾小体血管球的毛细血管两端皆为微动脉,入球微动脉管径比出球微动脉粗,使血管球内血流量大,血压高,有利于滤过,出球微动脉的平滑肌收缩可主动调节血管球内的血压。
(3)肾内血管通路中出现两次毛细血管,即血管球毛细血管和球后毛细血管网,由于血流经血管球时大量水份被滤出,因此分布在肾小管周围的球后毛细血管血液的胶体渗透压甚高,有利于肾小管上皮细胞重吸收物质进入血流。
(4)髓质内直小血管袢与髓袢伴行,有利于肾小管和集合小管的重吸收和尿液浓缩。
(5)肾内不同区域的血流不同,皮质血流量大,流速快,髓质血流量小。

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