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从世界范围看公务员的概念和范围。我国是什么状况?

问答题
2022-05-23 00:36
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正确答案
在国外,公务员的概念有大有小,范围也不尽一致,但主要有三种类型:
一是将公务员限定在行政系统内,并排除选举职和任命职。按照这一划定,公务员一般是指政府中事务次官以下的所有工作人员,其范围上自常务次官,下至清洁。这一类型以英国最为典型。
二是将公务员范围扩大到整个行政系统的所有工作人员,包括选举产生和政治任命的政务官在内。美国即属这一类型。
三是将所有国家机关,包括立法、行政、司法三大系统的工作人员以及公共企事业单位的人员(如邮局职工、公共汽车司机等)统称为公务员。法国属于这一类型。
按照《中华人民共和国公务员法》的规定,公务员必须同时具备三个要件:
一是依法履行公职,即依法履行管理国家事务和社会公共事务职能;
二是纳入国家行政编制;
三是由国家财政负担工资福利。
依此,中国公务员实际上包括除工勤人员以外的七类机关工作人员,即在中国共产党机关、人大机关、行政机关、政协机关、审判机关、检察机关和民主党派机关中的工作人员。此外,具有公共事务管理职能的事业单位中除工勤人员以外的工作人员,经批准参照公务员法进行管理。

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