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论述国际民事诉讼管辖权的确定依据。

问答题
2022-05-25 14:14
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正确答案
涉外民事案件与两个或者两个以上国家相联系,在涉外民事争议发生后,需要依据当事人国籍、住所、经常居所地、营业地、行为地、诉讼标的物所在地、被告财产所在地、当事人合意选择的法院地等连接因素确定管辖法院。从各国立法和国际民事诉讼实践来看,国际民事诉讼管辖权的确定依据主要有如下几种:
一、属人管辖
涉外民事案件的当事人,不论是原告还是被告,也不论其居住在国内还是国外,只要具有本国国籍,本国法院就享有案件管辖权,主要是与人身有关联的案件。
二、属地管辖
属地管辖体现了国家主权原则,一个主权国家对其领土范围内的一切人、发生在本国领土内的事、位于本国领土内的物都享有完全和排他的管辖权。以地域为标志确定国际民事诉讼管辖权为各国所认可。
三、专属管辖
国家出于对涉及本国公共秩序或出于保护本国当事人利益的考虑,规定特定民事案件为本国法院专属管辖,排除他国法院的管辖权,主要有不动产、法人的成立解散或破产、婚姻家庭继承、专利商标的案件。
四、协议管辖
协议管辖是当事人意思自治原则在国际民事诉讼程序中的运用,是对属人管辖和属地管辖的变更和补充。协议管辖可排除依属人原则或属地原则确立的法院管辖权,可以使对案件无管辖权的法院获得管辖权,但也有一定的限制。
五、平行管辖
平行管辖案件多是与有关国家联系不十分紧密,不属于专属管辖的范围,且本国法院不排除外国法院管辖的案件,平行管辖权的确定完全取决于原告的选择,主要适用于海事和航空运输合同纠纷案件。

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标签: CMS专题 本科 法学
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