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患者,男,45岁,二十余年前开始出现反复 咳嗽、咳痰,多于感冒受凉后加重,严重时伴有轻微喘息,不伴有长斯低热、乏力、盗汗、胸痛、咯血、心慌等症状,未行正规诊疗,仅于症状严重时给予抗生素、止咳化痰等处理,短期治疗后症状可缓解。两月前受凉后咳喘症状再发加重,咳痰为灰白色黏液痰,量较多,伴明显活动后气促,在当地给以抗感染(具体不详)、镇咳化痰等治疗效果不佳,喘憋症状逐渐加重,并出现夜间不能平卧入睡。近期病程中不伴发热畏寒、心慌、胸痛、咯血、晕厥、腹胀食欲缺乏、尿量减少及下肢水肿。曾在外院行胸片检查,提示“双肺纹理明显增强,普大心,心影增大成烧瓶样”。病程中患者近期精神睡眠差,饮食尚可, 大小便正常,体力明显下降,体重变化不明显。否认家族性遗传病史,无结核、乙肝等传染病病史,无食物、药物过敏史。有30年吸烟史,日均10;30年饮酒史,日均250ml。长期从事接触粉尘类物质的工作(石料加工),因慢性咳喘在外院曾经诊断为“慢性支气管炎”。否认先天性心脏病、消化、内分泌、血液及神经系统疾病病史。

查体:T 36.8℃,P 86 /分,R 22 /分,BP 110/88mmHg。发育正常,营养稍差,神志清楚,慢性病容,扶行步入病房,自动体位,查体合作。全身皮肤无黄染、蜘蛛痣,浅表淋巴结未触及肿大,巩膜无黄染。口唇无发绀(手指氧饱和度96%,咽部略充血,颈软,颈静脉充盈。双肺呼吸音粗糙,双下肺可闻及干湿啰音,可闻及少许散在哮鸣音,心界向两侧扩大,心音低钝遥远,心率86/分,律齐,各瓣膜听诊区未及病理性杂音,未闻及心包摩擦音和心包叩击音,腹平软,无明显压痛、反跳痛,肝脾肋下未及肿大,肝颈反流征及移动性浊音(一),肠鸣音正常存在,双下肢不肿,双侧足背动脉搏动正常,周围血管征(—)。

提问5:关于该患者的治疗,正确的有

多选题
2021-07-17 21:57
A、卧床休息、吸氧
B、鼓励高蛋白、高热量和维生素饮食
C、心包穿刺抽液减压
D、氟喹诺酮类药物(左旋氧氟沙星)静脉点滴
E、抗肿瘤化疗
F、抗结核治疗
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正确答案
ABCD

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