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论意思自治原则。

问答题
2022-06-01 18:24
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正确答案
意思自治原则,又称“意志自治说”,是指在合同法律关系方面,当事人既然可以依据“契约自由”原则按照自己的意志创设某种权利义务关系,那么,他们当然有权自行决定合同应适用的法律。
意思自治原则是法国法学家杜摩兰于16世纪创立的。这一原则被世界各国普遍接受,成为确定合同准据法的首要原则。
意思自治原则,有无限意思自治原则和有限意思自治原则之分。
无限意思自治原则主张当事人选择法律的权利是绝对的,不受任何限制,当事人可以选择任何一国法律作为合同的准据法。事实上,绝对的权利和自由是不存在的,主张无限意思自治原则的国家也认为当事人选择合同准据法时,必须满足两个条件:
第一,当事人选择法律的意思必须合法,不能排除与国家利益、社会公共利益有关的强制性法律规范的适用。
第二,当事人选择合同的准据法必须是善意的,有合法的目的。凡以胁迫、欺诈、恶意同谋等方式选择准据法,凡故意规避强行性或禁止性法律规范选择准据法,均属无效选择。
有限意思自治原则主张当事人选择的准据法必须与合同有内在的联系,当事人不得选择与合同没有实际联系的国家的法律作准据法。
当事人选择合同的准据法必须以一定的方式表现出来,表现选择法律意图的方式有两种:明示的意思自治和默示的意思自治。
明示的意思自治是指合同当事人在缔结合同之前或在争议产生之后,以文字或言词明确作出选择合同准据法的意思表示。
默示的意思自治是指当事人在合同中没有明确规定应适用的准据法的情况下,通过缔约行为或其他一些因素来推定当事人已默示同意合同受某一特定国家的法律支配。

试题解析

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