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八议

名词解释题
2022-06-03 00:01
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古代刑法制度,即刑法中规定一些特殊人犯罪时享有免减刑罚特权的制度。始见于《周礼?秋官?小司寇》中之亲、故、贤、能、功、贵、勤、宾八辟。至三国魏时正式列八议于律文,后为历朝沿用。共有八种:一曰议亲,即皇亲国戚;二曰议故,即侍奉过皇帝的旧友故交;三曰议贤,即有德行之贤臣名士;四曰议能,即能治国治军之杰出人才;五曰议功,即功勋卓越者;六曰议贵,即贵族和大官僚;七曰议勤,即公务勤谨者;八曰议宾,即前朝之王公大臣。以上八种人犯有死罪(十恶除外)者,司法需先行奏报,奉旨方可勾问,但不得拟罪,只能将事由奏报,由皇帝裁夺,一般均予免死,流刑以下照例予以免刑,并可纳银赎罪或以官品抵消刑罪。


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