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如何通过化学鉴别方法判断一种固体废物是否为危险废物?

问答题
2022-06-09 16:20
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正确答案
危险废物鉴别依次可以采用名录鉴别、特性鉴别和专家认定。名录鉴别主要是根据《国家危险废物名录》来判断一种固体废物是否为危险废物。特性鉴别是其他两种方式的基础。危险废物的可鉴别特性分为4大类,即腐蚀性、反应性、易燃性和生物毒性。
(1)腐蚀性:对于固态废物或含水溶性液态物的废物,其浸出液或水溶液的pH≥12.5或pH≤2.0即为腐蚀性危险废物。对于非水溶性液态废物,其再制定温度下浸泡标准钢的腐蚀速率≥6.35mm/a,即为腐蚀性废物。(2)反应性:包括爆炸性,与水、空气和酸接触发生反应的危害性,含氰化物或硫化物并在弱酸、碱环境中易释放氰化物或硫化物的反应性,以及废物的氧化性进行定义。
(3)易燃性:液态废物按闪点<60℃即为易燃性危险废物;固态废物指在常温常压下因摩擦、吸湿或自发性化学反应可起火,当点燃时能剧烈并持续燃烧的危险特性;气态废物指在20℃、101.3kPa下,当其与空气混合的可燃点最低浓度≤13%。
(4)生物毒性:包括生物监测和化学物质含量监测

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如何通过化学鉴别方法判断一种固体废物是否为危险废物?
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