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日俄战争

名词解释题
2022-06-14 03:13
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日俄为争夺中国东北和朝鲜的权益而进行的帝国主义侵略战争。1900年沙俄出兵占领中国东北。辛丑条约签订后,沙俄仍不肯全部撤兵。日本曾向沙俄提出瓜分权益要求,沙俄置之不理。1902年英国为利用日本抑制沙俄远东扩张,与日本缔结同盟。1904年2月8日,日本舰队突然袭击旅顺口和朝鲜仁川港的俄国舰船。2月9日俄国对日宣战。2月10日日本对俄宣战。日本陆军一面从朝鲜登陆,渡过鸭绿江,攻击俄军;一面从辽东半岛登陆,占领金外州、大连。8月黄海海战中,日本舰队战败俄国舰队。9月辽阳会战中,沙俄陆军败退。1905年1月日军攻下旅顺;3月日军占领奉天(今沈阳);5月日本海军歼灭沙俄调到远东的波罗的海舰队。8月日英签订第二次同盟条约。不久在美国调停下,9月5日日俄两国签订《朴次茅斯和约》。日本迫使俄国在夺得中国的权益中将南满铁路、旅顺和大连的租借权等转让给日本,并使其承认日本对朝鲜的特权,割让库页岛南部。这次战争使中国东北人民和朝鲜人民受到惨重的战祸;战后,中国和朝鲜曾受到帝国主义的分割和压迫。


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