在民国时期，必须由个人具名上呈的上行公文文种是（）。

民国时期上级官署对所属官员因呈请而有所指示的下行文种是（）。

在民国不相统属的官署之问，由级别、地位较低的官署对级别、地位稍尊的官署，是咨呈较为稳定的普遍用法，代表了该文种的（）。

试简析通报文种的历史渊源、类型和各自用途。

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

（）, or drum is used for hauling in or letting out the wires or ropes which will fasten the ship to the shore.

A salvor may be（）the whole or part of the payment due under Salvage Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

简析报告在民国前、后期的文种地位及用途。

民国时期“状”文种主要作为（）。

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。

通报文种的行文用途有（）。

逻辑运算符（AND、NOT、OR）的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。