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试述行为科学产生的历史背景

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2022-06-28 17:18
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1.行为科学产生的政治背景。第一次世界大战和俄国十月革命使得世界经济体系出现了全新的格局,资本主义国家政治矛盾激化,阶级斗争和革命运动一度出现高潮,这是行为科学产生的政治背景。
2.行为科学产生的经济背景。经济和科学技术的发展以及周期性经济危机的加剧,使得企业主感到单纯用传统管理理论已不能有效地控制工人、提高劳动生产率和增加利润。有些管理学家和心理学家意识到社会化大生产的发展需要有一种与之相适应的新的管理理论。这就为行为科学的产生奠定了社会经济基础。
3.行为科学产生的人文背景。资本家为了摆脱危机,缓解劳资双方的矛盾,开始对传统的经济学理论和泰罗的科学管理进行了思考:反思的结果是,在经济学方面,凯恩斯主义的兴起为资本主义持续发展开出了药方,在管理学方面对人的研究,梅奥开辟了行为研究的方向。行为科学就在大萧条中的霍桑实验后开始兴旺起来了。


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