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二府

名词解释题
2022-09-21 20:16
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宋代枢密院和宰相的政事堂号称“二府”。宋设“中书门下”掌握实权,但仅有民政权,设于内堂,称政事堂,是中央的行政机关,长官为宰相,为了限制宰相的权力,又另设副宰相“参知政事”与宰相共同议政,使宰相不能专权。宋初把军事行政权从宰相的手中分出来,设立枢密院,掌握全国军事。枢密院和宰相的政事堂并立“对掌大权”,号称“二府”。枢密使和宰相的职权平等,凡军机要务,宰相无权过问。二者一文一武,互不通气,分别向皇帝奏事。皇帝利用两者之间的异同,直接控制军权和政权。


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