In information theory, "information" is regarded as knowledge which reduces or removes(71) about the occurrence of a specific event from a given set of possible events. The concept "event" is to be understood as used in the theory of probability. For instance, an event may be the occurrence of a(72) character or word in a given message or in a given position of a message.In communication theory, channel is defined as that part of a communication system that connects the message source with the message sink. An encoder may be inserted between the message source and the input to the channel, and a(73) between the output of the channel and the message sink. Generally, these two units are not considered as being parts of the channel. In certain cases, however, they may be considered as pans of the message source and message sink,(74) In information theory(75) to Shannon, the channel can be characterized by the set of conditional probabilities of occurrence of all the messages received at the message sink when a given message emanates from the message source.

In(74), the only element that can be deleted or removed is the one that was inserted most recently.

● In （74） the only element that can be deleted or removed is the one that was inserted most recently.（74）

Off hire is when a vessel breaks down，strands，or has any damage that prevents the working of cargo or delays the sailing of the vessel．Under which of the following charter parties is off hire most likely to be mentioned?（）.

In most WANs, the network contains numerous cables or telephone lines, each one connecting a pair of

Does Krashen’s theory of second language acquisition begin with theories, or with data?

In most cases，the mere reception or dumping down of the cargo on the ship（）involve completion of loading，because the operation of loading involves all that is required to put the cargo in a condition in which it can be carried．

Every deliberate act of wrongdoing by the master or any of the crew against the ship or cargo，without the authorization or privity of the Shipowner or his agent，is（）.

A salvor may be（）the whole or part of the payment due under Salvage Convention to the extent that the salvage operations have become necessary or more difficult because of fault or neglect on his part or if the salvor has been guilty of fraud or other dishonest conduct.

All computers need some sort of(71)(OS). Tile majority of modem home computers use some form. of Microsofts OS. The original Microsoft OS was called DOS though most computers use Windows. Windows comes in various versions beginning with(72)x then 95, 98, ME and currently XP. A few computers use IBMs O/SApples Mac uses their own OS beginning with OS I though most modem Macs use version x or x. Apples latest version is OS 10.x. In the past large companies and institutions would have an OS design exclusively for them but as the Commercial OS become more sophisticated the benefits of this practice is becoming less apparent. Some computer professionals,(73)(ISP)and(74)computer users use an OS such as UNIX(or a variant such as Linux), Windows NT or 2000(Win2k)or one of the other network or(75)based OS.

Only the most sophisticated theories of modern physics can（）this phenomenon.

Passage 1　　Some people were just born to rebel; Charles Darwin was  1 of them. Likewise Nicholas Copernicus, Benjamin Franklin and Bill Gates. They were  2 “laterborns” —that is, they had at least one older sibling — brother or sister — when they were born.　　In fact, laterborns are up to 15 times more  3 than firstborns to resist authority and  4 new ground, says Frank J. Sulloway, a researcher scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.　　In his book “Born To Rebel” being released this week, Sulloway claims that 5 someone is an older or younger sibling is the most important  6 shaping personality—more significant  7 gender, race, nationality or class.　　He  8 26 years studying the lives—and birth orders—of 6,566 historical figures to  9 his conclusions.　　A laterborn himself, Sulloway first posed how birth order  10 personality as a scholar of Darwin at Harvard University.　　“ 11 could a somewhat commonplace student at Cambridge become the most revolutionary thinker in the 19th century?” he said.　　Darwin, the first to  12 the belief  13 God created the world with his theory of evolution, was the fifth of six 14 . Most of his opponents were firstborns.　　Sulloway’s theory held  15 with Copernicus, the first astronomer to propose that the Sun was the center of the universe, and computer revolutionary Gates of Microsoft.