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简述寡头垄断市场的特点与优缺点。

问答题
2022-10-08 13:49
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正确答案
(1)寡头垄断是既包含垄断因素又包含竞争因素,但更接近于完全垄断的一种市场机构。寡头垄断市场结构的特点是:有少数几个厂商,这些厂商之间存在着高度的相互依存关系。由于寡头垄断行业中的厂商数目很少,以致每个厂商在制定决策时,都必须考虑到其决策对其竞争对手的影响,一家厂商价格或产量的任何变化都将影响其竞争者的销售量和利润。此外,每个厂商都必须认识到,其自身策略的调整可能还会诱发其竞争对手策略的改变。正是由于这种相互依存性,任何一个寡头垄断厂商的最佳决策取决于其他垄断厂商的决策。
(2)优点:①由于少数几个企业供应市场的全部需求量,企业的规模一般比较大,可以获得规模经济的好处;②垄断厂商利用高额利润所形成的雄厚经济实力,有条件进行各种科学研究和重大的技术创新,并将成果运用于生产过程,有利于技术进步;③大型企业有较强的抵御风险的能力;④大型企业具有先进的管理技术。
(3)缺点:有时竞争力度不够,企业之间的依赖程度较大,如果企业之间的关系不是相互促进的话,往往会利用价格的相对固定,使生产企业得益,而消费者因不能得到本来可能得到的较低价格而蒙受损失。另外,价格相对固定,会起到保护落后的作用,使成本较高的企业依然得到生存。

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