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适筋梁从加荷开始到构件破坏经历的三个阶段及其破坏特征分别是什么?

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2021-07-17 22:50
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(1)第一阶段——弹性工作阶段。当弯矩较小时,沿截面高度的混凝土应力和应变的分布均为直线,混凝土受拉区未出现裂缝。荷载逐渐增加后,受拉区混凝土塑性变形发展,拉应力图呈曲线分布。(2)第二阶段——带裂缝工作阶段。当荷载继续增加时,受拉混凝土边缘纤维应变超过其极限拉应变,混凝土开裂。在开裂截面,受拉混凝土逐渐退出工作,拉力主要由钢筋承担;随着荷载的增大,裂缝向受压区方向延伸,中和轴上升,裂缝宽度加大,新裂缝逐渐出现;混凝土受压区的塑性变形有所发展,压应力图形呈曲线形分布。(3)第三阶段——破坏阶段。随着受拉钢筋的屈服,裂缝急剧开展,宽度变大,构件挠度大大增加,形成破坏前的预兆。由于中和轴高度上升,混凝土受压区高度不断缩小。当受压区混凝土边缘纤维达到极限压应变时,受压混凝土压碎,构件完全破坏。

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