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北省某厂铸造车间,总长83m,分三期建成。第一期工程于1983年10月完工,共15间,开间3.3m。为钢筋混凝土吊车梁,三铰拱式轻钢屋架。屋面为轻钢檩条,上铺木望板,挂水泥瓦。屋架下弦标高10.5m,砖墙承重。第二期工程为由原车间向东接建8个开间,开间尺寸4m,屋架下弦标高8.25m。其余同第一期工程。第三期工程于84年7月开始在室内增建两排钢筋混凝土柱,横向柱距16.5m,纵向柱距与厂房开间相同。南排柱紧靠厂房南墙,柱顶为现浇钢筋混凝土吊车梁,设3t和5t吊车各一台。86年1月投入使用。 该工程未经正式设计单位设计,未考虑抗震设计,并由农村非正式施工单位施工。1987年11月27日下午2时10分,厂房中工人正在浇注铁水,突然有一根屋架上弦支撑的圆钢掉下来,接着发现屋架下弦严重下垂.从室外看屋盖上弦三角形变为“人”字形。至2时52分,屋顶开始掉灰尘,紧接着整个屋盖23榀三铰拱式轻钢屋架全部倒塌。顶部部分墙体倒塌。幸运的是车间人员发现险情后,迅速撤出,只有3人受轻伤,未造成重大伤亡。但造成严重的直接和间接经济损失。 试分析原因及教训?

问答题
2023-02-02 14:39
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正确答案
1).屋架选型不当:本车间20米跨度,吊车震动荷载,三铰拱刚度差,不能用。
2).截面高度与跨度比0.5/10.8=21.6远远大于1/15的规定。
3).上下弦强度均不足,差的最多的只有一半左右。
4).不应砖柱承重:屋架10.5m,当时有明确规定,9m以上不得采用砖柱,此建筑应用钢筋混凝土柱。
5).位于7度地震区,没有做抗震设计。

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北省某厂铸造车间,总长83m,分三期建成。第一期工程于1983年10月完工,共15间,开间3.3m。为钢筋混凝土吊车梁,三铰拱式轻钢屋架。屋面为轻钢檩条,上铺木望板,挂水泥瓦。屋架下弦标高10.5m,砖墙承重。第二期工程为由原车间向东接建8个开间,开间尺寸4m,屋架下弦标高8.25m。其余同第一期工程。第三期工程于84年7月开始在室内增建两排钢筋混凝土柱,横向柱距16.5m,纵向柱距与厂房开间相同。南排柱紧靠厂房南墙,柱顶为现浇钢筋混凝土吊车梁,设3t和5t吊车各一台。86年1月投入使用。 该工程未经正式设计单位设计,未考虑抗震设计,并由农村非正式施工单位施工。1987年11月27日下午2时10分,厂房中工人正在浇注铁水,突然有一根屋架上弦支撑的圆钢掉下来,接着发现屋架下弦严重下垂.从室外看屋盖上弦三角形变为“人”字形。至2时52分,屋顶开始掉灰尘,紧接着整个屋盖23榀三铰拱式轻钢屋架全部倒塌。顶部部分墙体倒塌。幸运的是车间人员发现险情后,迅速撤出,只有3人受轻伤,未造成重大伤亡。但造成严重的直接和间接经济损失。 试分析原因及教训?
逻辑运算符(AND、NOT、OR)的运算顺序是AND→OR→NOT。
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